PENCILS AND CARTRIDGE ROLLS

                                                             
These are made by using cloth based coated abrasives and fixing them on spindles in a spirally wound way which exposes fresh abrasives as one layer wears out. They are very productive over mounted points which are used for similar jobs. The main application areas are maintenance repairs and mould maintenance.

SHEETS AND ROLLS
Sheets made with paper, cloth and screen cloth backing are used for hand sanding applications for cleaning surface preparation and polishing. Many hand sanding applications is fast being replaced by machine sanding using portable machines.
                                                   

Applications for sheets are:
1. Water proof paper sheets used for paint and primer scuffing.
2. . Cloth sheets used for maintenance and repairs
3. Emery paper sheets for die mould and specimen polishing
4. . Wood and polish sealer sanding coat paper
5. Emery cloth sheets used for general operations

ROLLS
Rolls are available in various widths like sheets for hand sanding. They are also used for Drum sanding on machines where they are wrapped around steel drums and used like large wheels. Special rolls made with polyester film backings are used for crankshaft, cam shaft and other automotive components for lapping in special machines. Rolls are supplied to converters making coated products.
                                                                                 
                                                       

Some applications for rolls are:
1. Buffing leather on Drum Sanders
2. Plywood sanding on Drum Sanders
3. Crankshaft and Camshaft polishing
4. Polishing diary equipment using Flutter wheels
5. Turn polishing contoured wooden parts on Turn Sanders
6. Slit and Scoured rolls on Vonnegut wheels
7. Hand sanding applications

The history of coated abrasive manufacture is very old and some of the first types of abrasive products were coated abrasives manufactured as early as 1700 AD. Till early 1900 most coated abrasive products used were made with natural abrasives like pumice, flint, garnet, and emery and only after synthetic abrasives were discovered like Aluminum oxide and Silicon carbide did applications for these products extend beyond hand sanding and polishing.

The broad application classification of abrasives are:
1) Cleaning and Deburring - where unwanted material is removed from the job
2) Shaping and dimensioning - where the job is brought to desired shape and dimensions
3) Polishing and finishing - where a desired surface finish is imparted.

ADVANTAGES OF COATED ABRASIVES

• High Material removal rates - Coated abrasives products can be used at higher material removal rates compared to bonded products as for a given force they penetrate deeper and higher feed rates can be used. The large amount of open space between the grains ensure that very chip loads can be handled without clogging.
• Flexible - The backings used with coated abrasive products are flexible and hence jobs with profiles and contours can be sanded.